---
title: There was the High King’s palace with its fortification; without it… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There was the High King’s palace with its fortification; without it was another fortification enclosing the four minor palaces, each of which was maintained by one of the four provincial kings; without that again was the great banqueting hall, and around it and enclosing all of the sacred hill in it
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter XI, sentence 6

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There was the High King’s palace with its fortification; without it was another fortification enclosing the four minor palaces, each of which was maintained by one of the four provincial kings; without that again was the great banqueting hall, and around it and enclosing all of the sacred hill in its gigantic bound ran the main outer ramparts of Tara.

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**Who acts:** palace, fortification, that, great banqueting hall · **What happens:** be, enclose, maintain, banquet · **To what, where:** four minor palaces, each, great banqueting hall, all, hall

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter XI. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (palace, fortification, that, great banqueting hall), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:24:6
# text = There was the High King’s palace with its fortification; without it was another fortification enclosing the four minor palaces, each of which was maintained by one of the four provincial kings; without that again was the great banqueting hall, and around it and enclosing all of the sacred hill in its gigantic bound ran the main outer ramparts of Tara.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	59	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	fortification	fortification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	fortification	fortification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
17	enclosing	enclose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
20	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	palaces	palace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nmod	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
33	provincial	provincial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
36	without	without	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	43	nsubj	_	_
38	again	again	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
41	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
42	banqueting	banquet	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	43	amod	_	_
43	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
46	around	around	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	obl	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	enclosing	enclose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	acl:relcl	_	_
50	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	49	obj	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	_
55	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
57	gigantic	gigantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	bound	bound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
59	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
61	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	63	amod	_	_
62	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	63	amod	_	_
63	ramparts	rampart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	obj	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	Tara	Tara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	59	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | palace |  |  |  |  | without another fortification | tree rules |
| 2 | **enclose** | gerund | another fortification *not said here* | the four minor palaces |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme palace=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **maintain** | past · passive |  | each |  |  |  | by one of the four provincial kings | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **banquet** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | past | that | the great banqueting hall |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **enclose** | gerund | the great banqueting hall *not said here* | all |  | hall |  | in hall's gigantic bound | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme all=Co-Theme |
| 7 | **is** | past | the great banqueting hall |  |  |  |  | run *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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