---
title: He had to prove to her that he was not any other woman’s sweetheart,… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He had to prove to her that he was not any other woman’s sweetheart, and when he proved that they were married, and they lived happily ever after, which is the proper way to live. Who acts: Lugaidh, whelps. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter V, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter V, sentence 35

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He had to prove to her that he was not any other woman’s sweetheart, and when he proved that they were married, and they lived happily ever after, which is the proper way to live.

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**Who acts:** Lugaidh, whelps · **What happens:** have, prove, not be, marry, live, be · **To what, where:** Tuiren, sweetheart, whelps, proper way

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter V. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lugaidh, whelps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:32:35
# text = He had to prove to her that he was not any other woman’s sweetheart, and when he proved that they were married, and they lived happily ever after, which is the proper way to live.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’s	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	sweetheart	sweetheart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
29	happily	happily	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	31	advmod	_	_
31	after	after	ADV	RB	_	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Lugaidh |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | to-infinitive | Lugaidh *not said here* |  | Tuiren |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to she=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | past | Lugaidh | any other woman's sweetheart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **prove** | past | Lugaidh |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **marry** | past · passive |  | whelps *= whelp* |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 6 | **live** | past | whelps *= whelp* |  |  |  |  | happily *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **is a** | present |  | the proper way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **live** | to-infinitive | whelps *= whelp* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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