---
title: On his shoulders under the shield he carried a splendid scarlet mant… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: On his shoulders under the shield he carried a splendid scarlet mantle; over his breast was a great brooch of burnt gold, and in his fist he gripped a pair of thick-shafted, unburnished spears. Who acts: gentleman, breast. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter I, with its depe
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter I, sentence 18

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On his shoulders under the shield he carried a splendid scarlet mantle; over his breast was a great brooch of burnt gold, and in his fist he gripped a pair of thick-shafted, unburnished spears.

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**Who acts:** gentleman, breast · **What happens:** carry, be, grip, shaft · **To what, where:** splendid scarlet mantle, shoulders, great brooch, pair, fist

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter I. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gentleman, breast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:48:18
# text = On his shoulders under the shield he carried a splendid scarlet mantle; over his breast was a great brooch of burnt gold, and in his fist he gripped a pair of thick-shafted, unburnished spears.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	scarlet	scarlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	mantle	mantle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	brooch	brooch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	fist	fist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	gripped	grip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
34	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	shafted	shaft	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
38	unburnished	unburnished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | gentleman | a splendid scarlet mantle |  | gentleman's shoulders |  | under the shield | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mantle=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | gentleman's breast |  |  | a great brooch |  | of burnt gold | tree rules |
| 3 | **grip** | past | gentleman | a pair of thick unburnished spears |  | gentleman's fist |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Experiencer |
| 4 | **shaft** | participle | gentleman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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