--- title: Into this gloomy drain Fionn descended and made progress, but when h… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Into this gloomy drain Fionn descended and made progress, but when he had penetrated deeply in the dank forest he heard a sound of thumping and squelching footsteps, and he saw coming towards him a horrible, evil-visaged being; a wild, monstrous, yellow-skinned, big-boned giant, dressed in nothing b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/49/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Irish Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/) / [Chapter II](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/49/) / 4 # Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter II, sentence 4 Into this gloomy drain Fionn descended and made progress, but when he had penetrated deeply in the dank forest he heard a sound of thumping and squelching footsteps, and he saw coming towards him a horrible, evil-visaged being; a wild, monstrous, yellow-skinned, big-boned giant, dressed in nothing but an ill-made, mud-plastered, drab-coloured coat, which swaggled and clapped against the calves of his big bare legs. **Who acts:** Fionn, sound, coloured coat · **What happens:** descend, make, penetrate, hear, thump, squelch · **To what, where:** gloomy drain, progress, dank forest, sound, footsteps, horrible This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter II. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fionn, sound, coloured coat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2892:49:4 # text = Into this gloomy drain Fionn descended and made progress, but when he had penetrated deeply in the dank forest he heard a sound of thumping and squelching footsteps, and he saw coming towards him a horrible, evil-visaged being; a wild, monstrous, yellow-skinned, big-boned giant, dressed in nothing but an ill-made, mud-plastered, drab-coloured coat, which swaggled and clapped against the calves of his big bare legs. 1 Into into ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det _ _ 3 gloomy gloomy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 drain drain NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 5 Fionn Fionn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 descended descend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 9 progress progress NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 12 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 15 advmod _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 14 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 penetrated penetrate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ _ 16 deeply deeply ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 dank dank ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 21 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 of of SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 26 thumping thump VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 acl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 squelching squelch VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 conj _ _ 29 footsteps footstep NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 34 coming come VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 33 xcomp _ _ 35 towards towards ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 horrible horrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 40 evil evil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 visaged visaged ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 conj _ _ 43 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 42 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ; ; PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 monstrous monstrous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 50 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 51 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 50 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 52 skinned skinned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 54 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 55 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 54 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 56 boned bone VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 57 amod _ _ 57 giant giant NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 59 dressed dress VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 57 acl _ _ 60 in in ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 61 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 59 obl _ _ 62 but but CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 63 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 61 conj _ _ 64 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 66 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 65 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 64 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 66 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 63 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 67 , , PUNCT , _ 70 punct _ _ 68 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 69 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 68 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 70 plastered plaster VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 66 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 71 , , PUNCT , _ 75 punct _ _ 72 drab drab ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 74 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 73 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 72 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 74 coloured coloured ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 75 amod _ _ 75 coat coat NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 obl:agent _ SpaceAfter=No 76 , , PUNCT , _ 78 punct _ _ 77 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 78 nsubj _ _ 78 swaggled swaggl VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 75 acl:relcl _ _ 79 and and CCONJ CC _ 80 cc _ _ 80 clapped clap VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 78 conj _ _ 81 against against ADP IN _ 83 case _ _ 82 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 83 det _ _ 83 calves calf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 80 obl _ _ 84 of of ADP IN _ 88 case _ _ 85 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 88 nmod:poss _ _ 86 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 88 amod _ _ 87 bare bare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 88 amod _ _ 88 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 83 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 89 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **descend** | past | Fionn | | | this gloomy drain | | | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into drain=Location | | 2 | **make** | past | Fionn *not said here* | progress | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset progress=Product | | 3 | **penetrate** | past · perfect | Fionn | | | the dank forest | | deeply *property* | vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hear** | past | Fionn | a sound | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus | | 5 | **thump** | gerund | a sound *not said here* | | | | | | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **squelch** | gerund | a sound *not said here* | footsteps | | | | | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footstep=Patient | | 7 | **see** | past | Fionn | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 8 | **come** | gerund | Fionn *not said here* | a horrible | | | | towards Fionn | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards he=Initial\_Location | | 9 | **bone** | participle | | | | | | | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **dress** | participle | | big boned giant *not said here* | | nothing | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **make** | participle | | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 12 | **plaster** | participle | | | | | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 13 | **swaggl** | past | coloured coat | | | | | | tree rules | | 14 | **clap** | past | coloured coat *not said here* | | | | | against the calves of Fionn's big bare legs | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against calf=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/49/3/) - next →: [sentence 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/49/5/) - ↑ back to [Chapter II](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/49/)