---
title: The wind went down; the clouds stood still; the old hill itself held… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The wind went down; the clouds stood still; the old hill itself held its breath; the warriors within ceased to be men and became each an ear; and the dogs sat in a vast circle round the combatants, with their heads all to one side, their noses poked forward, their mouths half open, and their tails f
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter V, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind went down; the clouds stood still; the old hill itself held its breath; the warriors within ceased to be men and became each an ear; and the dogs sat in a vast circle round the combatants, with their heads all to one side, their noses poked forward, their mouths half open, and their tails forgotten.

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**Who acts:** wind, clouds, old hill, dogs, tails · **What happens:** go down, stand, hold, cease, be, become · **To what, where:** breath, warriors, men, ear, noses, vast circle

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter V. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, clouds, old hill, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:60:13
# text = The wind went down; the clouds stood still; the old hill itself held its breath; the warriors within ceased to be men and became each an ear; and the dogs sat in a vast circle round the combatants, with their heads all to one side, their noses poked forward, their mouths half open, and their tails forgotten.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	still	still	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	13	nmod:unmarked	_	_
15	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
21	within	within	ADP	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	ceased	cease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	cop	_	_
25	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:agent	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
40	round	round	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	combatants	combatant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
47	all	all	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
48	to	to	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	50	nummod	_	_
50	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	noses	nose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
54	poked	poke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	53	acl	_	_
55	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
57	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	mouths	mouth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
59	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	60	advmod	_	_
60	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
63	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	64	nmod:poss	_	_
64	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	nsubj	_	_
65	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past | the wind |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **stand** | past | the clouds |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hold** | past | the old hill  hill | hill's breath |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme |
| 4 | **cease** | participle |  | the warriors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **become** | past | the wind *not said here* | each ear |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **sit** | past | the dogs | dogs's noses |  | a vast circle |  | round the combatants; with dogs's heads; to one side; dogs's mouths *obl* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in circle=Location |
| 8 | **poke** | participle |  | dogs's noses *not said here* |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **forget** | participle | dogs's tails |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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