---
title: For she had also been wise, and lack-ing her guidance, all grave aff… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: For she had also been wise, and lack-ing her guidance, all grave affairs seemed graver, shadowing each day and going with him to the pillow at night. Who acts: sun, grave affairs. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter II, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter II, sentence 12

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For she had also been wise, and lack-ing her guidance, all grave affairs seemed graver, shadowing each day and going with him to the pillow at night.

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**Who acts:** sun, grave affairs · **What happens:** be, e, seem, shadow, go, guide · **To what, where:** guidance, pillow

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter II. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, grave affairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:63:12
# text = For she had also been wise, and lack-ing her guidance, all grave affairs seemed graver, shadowing each day and going with him to the pillow at night.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	ing	e	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	guidance	guidance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
16	grave	grave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	graver	grave	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	shadowing	shadow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
22	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
23	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	pillow	pillow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
31	at	at	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past · perfect | sun |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **e** | gerund |  | sun's guidance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **seem** | past | all grave affairs | sun's guidance *not said here* |  |  |  | grave *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme guidance=Attribute |
| 4 | **shadow** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | the pillow | night | with keen | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to pillow=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **guide** |  | sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom guidance «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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