--- title: Or, again, caught in the chop of a broken sea, it stayed shuddering… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Or, again, caught in the chop of a broken sea, it stayed shuddering and backing, while above his head there was only a low sad sky, and around him the lap and wash of grey waves that were never the same and were never different. Who acts: stone, grey waves. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/66/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Irish Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/) / [Chapter V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/66/) / 12 # Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter V, sentence 12 Or, again, caught in the chop of a broken sea, it stayed shuddering and backing, while above his head there was only a low sad sky, and around him the lap and wash of grey waves that were never the same and were never different. **Who acts:** stone, grey waves · **What happens:** catch, break, stay, shudder, back, be · **To what, where:** chop, low sad sky, broken sea This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter V. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone, grey waves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg2892:66:12 # text = Or, again, caught in the chop of a broken sea, it stayed shuddering and backing, while above his head there was only a low sad sky, and around him the lap and wash of grey waves that were never the same and were never different. 1 Or or CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 again again ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 caught catch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 chop chop NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ _ 12 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 stayed stay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 16 shuddering shudder VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 xcomp _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 backing back VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 20 while while SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 21 above above ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 24 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 25 expl _ _ 25 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 26 only only ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 28 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 sad sad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 around around ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 parataxis _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 lap lap NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 wash wash NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 grey grey ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nmod _ _ 42 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 nsubj _ _ 43 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 44 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 46 advmod _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 acl:relcl _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 48 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 50 cop _ _ 49 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 50 advmod _ _ 50 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **catch** | participle | | | | the chop of a broken sea | again | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **stay** | past | stone | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **shudder** | gerund | stone *not said here* | | | | | | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **back** | gerund | stone *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is a** | past | | a low sad sky | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **is** | past | grey waves | | | | | same *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **not** **is** | past | grey waves *not said here* | | | | | different *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **chop** | | | a broken sea | | | | | nom chop «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/66/11/) - next →: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/66/13/) - ↑ back to [Chapter V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/66/)