---
title: From those dark-green surges there gaped at him monstrous and cavern… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: From those dark-green surges there gaped at him monstrous and cavernous jaws; and round, wicked, red-rimmed, bulging eyes stared fixedly at the boat. Who acts: wicked. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter X, sentence 2

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From those dark-green surges there gaped at him monstrous and cavernous jaws; and round, wicked, red-rimmed, bulging eyes stared fixedly at the boat.

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**Who acts:** wicked · **What happens:** gape, rim, bulge, stare · **To what, where:** monstrous jaws, green surges, eyes

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wicked), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:71:2
# text = From those dark-green surges there gaped at him monstrous and cavernous jaws; and round, wicked, red-rimmed, bulging eyes stared fixedly at the boat.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	surges	surge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
8	gaped	gape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	cavernous	cavernous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	round	round	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	rimmed	rim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	bulging	bulge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
26	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
27	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
28	fixedly	fixedly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gape** | past |  | monstrous jaws |  | that green surges; there |  | at him *= he* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Theme |
| 2 | **rim** | participle | wicked *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bulge** | gerund | wicked *not said here* | eyes |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location eye=Theme |
| 4 | **stare** | past | wicked |  |  |  |  | at the boat; fixedly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at boat=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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