---
title: The swing began with the chop, and it ended with the bit loose and t… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The swing began with the chop, and it ended with the bit loose and the sheep giving its last kick. Who acts: swing, sheep. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter VII. “It is not nice of you to laugh at us,” said Fiachna Finn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter VII. “It is not nice of you to laugh at us,” said Fiachna Finn, sentence 36

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The swing began with the chop, and it ended with the bit loose and the sheep giving its last kick.

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**Who acts:** swing, sheep · **What happens:** begin, end, give, kick · **To what, where:** last kick

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter VII. “It is not nice of you to laugh at us,” said Fiachna Finn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swing, sheep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:78:36
# text = The swing began with the chop, and it ended with the bit loose and the sheep giving its last kick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chop	chop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
14	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the swing |  |  |  |  | with the chop | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with chop=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **end** | past | swing |  |  |  |  | loose *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **give** | gerund | the sheep | swing's last kick |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kick=Theme |
| 4 | **kick** |  | swing |  |  |  |  |  | nom kick «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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