---
title: He had many presents to make, and he had not as much gold and silver… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He had many presents to make, and he had not as much gold and silver and cattle as was proper for a king. Who acts: Mongan. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter X, sentence 7

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He had many presents to make, and he had not as much gold and silver and cattle as was proper for a king.

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**Who acts:** Mongan · **What happens:** have, make, be · **To what, where:** many presents, much gold

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mongan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:81:7
# text = He had many presents to make, and he had not as much gold and silver and cattle as was proper for a king.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	presents	present	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	as	as	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
21	proper	properly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Mongan | many presents |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Mongan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **have** | past | Mongan | much gold and silver and cattle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gold=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | as a king; properly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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