---
title: Long I hung over that combat, seeing every spear that hurtled, every… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Long I hung over that combat, seeing every spear that hurtled, every stone that whizzed from a sling, every sword that flashed up and down, and the endless glittering of the shields. Who acts: I, spear, stone, sword. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter VIII, with its depende
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter VIII, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long I hung over that combat, seeing every spear that hurtled, every stone that whizzed from a sling, every sword that flashed up and down, and the endless glittering of the shields.

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**Who acts:** I, spear, stone, sword · **What happens:** hang, see, hurtle, whiz, flash up · **To what, where:** stone, combat, spear, sling

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter VIII. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, spear, stone, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:9:8
# text = Long I hung over that combat, seeing every spear that hurtled, every stone that whizzed from a sling, every sword that flashed up and down, and the endless glittering of the shields.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hurtled	hurtle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	whizzed	whiz	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sling	sling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
23	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	flashed	flash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
26	up	up	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	down	down	ADV	RB	_	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	glittering	glittering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | I | every stone |  | that combat |  | the endless glittering of the shields *obl*; long *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over combat=Location |
| 2 | **see** | gerund | I *not said here* | every spear |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spear=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hurtle** | past | every spear |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **whiz** | past | every stone |  |  | a sling and every sword |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from sling=Trajectory |
| 5 | **flash up** | past | every sword |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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