---
title: There was an old, knock-kneed, raw-boned, one-eyed, little-winded, h… — Irish Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There was an old, knock-kneed, raw-boned, one-eyed, little-winded, heavy-headed mare with her also. Who acts: old. A sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter XIX, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter XIX, sentence 15

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There was an old, knock-kneed, raw-boned, one-eyed, little-winded, heavy-headed mare with her also.

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**Who acts:** old · **What happens:** be, knock, knee, bone, head

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This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter XIX. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2892:90:15
# text = There was an old, knock-kneed, raw-boned, one-eyed, little-winded, heavy-headed mare with her also.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	knock	knock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	kneed	knee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	boned	bone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	eyed	eyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	winded	winded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	headed	head	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nmod	_	_
28	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a old |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **knock** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **knee** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **bone** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **head** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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