---
title: There was a miller, who left no more estate to the three sons he had… — The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault · tree and pragmatics
description: There was a miller, who left no more estate to the three sons he had, than his Mill, his Ass, and his Cat. Who acts: miller. A sentence of «The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault» by Charles Perrault, Her With a Sauce Robert'"], with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29021/10/41/)

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# The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault, Her With a Sauce Robert'"\], sentence 41

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There was a miller, who left no more estate to the three sons he had, than his Mill, his Ass, and his Cat.

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**Who acts:** miller · **What happens:** be, leave, have · **To what, where:** Cat, more estate, three sons, Mill

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This is a sentence of «The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault» by Charles Perrault, Her With a Sauce Robert'"\]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (miller), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29021:10:41
# text = There was a miller, who left no more estate to the three sons he had, than his Mill, his Ass, and his Cat.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	miller	miller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	no	no	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	estate	estate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	Mill	Mill	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	Ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	Cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a miller | miller's Cat |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past | a miller | more estate | the three sons |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent estate=Theme to son=Recipient |
| 3 | **have** | past | miller | miller's Mill |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mill=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault» by Charles Perrault, Project Gutenberg book 29021 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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