---
title: And when they knew that he came from a strange land, they said to hi… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And when they knew that he came from a strange land, they said to him, "A strange people has attacked our Tsar, and he cannot defend himself, for a mighty warrior has conquered his tsardom and carried off his daughter, and worries him to death."--"Show me the way to your Tsar," said Daniel. Who acts
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Story of Unlucky Daniel, sentence 62

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when they knew that he came from a strange land, they said to him, "A strange people has attacked our Tsar, and he cannot defend himself, for a mighty warrior has conquered his tsardom and carried off his daughter, and worries him to death."--"Show me the way to your Tsar," said Daniel.

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**Who acts:** shift, horse, Daniel · **What happens:** know, come, say, attack, not defend, conquer · **To what, where:** strange land, horse, strange people, mighty warrior, daughter, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Story of Unlucky Daniel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shift, horse, Daniel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:10:62
# text = And when they knew that he came from a strange land, they said to him, "A strange people has attacked our Tsar, and he cannot defend himself, for a mighty warrior has conquered his tsardom and carried off his daughter, and worries him to death."--"Show me the way to your Tsar," said Daniel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
24	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
32	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
34	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	parataxis	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	tsardom	tsardom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	conj	_	_
44	off	off	ADP	RP	_	43	compound:prt	_	_
45	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	worries	worry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
50	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	obj	_	_
51	to	to	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	Show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
58	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	57	iobj	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obj	_	_
61	to	to	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	63	nmod:poss	_	_
63	Tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	57	punct	_	_
66	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
67	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	66	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | shift |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come** | past | horse |  |  | a strange land |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from land=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | shift |  | horse |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **attack** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | a strange people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **defend** *in a quote* | can | horse | horse |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **conquer** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | a mighty warrior |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **carry off** *in a quote* | past |  | horse's daughter |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme |
| 8 | **worry** *in a quote* | present | shift *not said here* | horse |  |  |  | to death | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 9 | **show** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the way | shift |  |  | to your Tsar | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient way=Topic |
| 10 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Daniel |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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