---
title: Next morning, between dark and dawn, the old woman took her distaff… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Next morning, between dark and dawn, the old woman took her distaff and drove the ox into the steppe to graze. Who acts: old woman. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Straw Ox, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Straw Ox, sentence 21

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Next morning, between dark and dawn, the old woman took her distaff and drove the ox into the steppe to graze.

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**Who acts:** old woman · **What happens:** take, drive, graze · **To what, where:** distaff, ox, steppe

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Straw Ox. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:14:21
# text = Next morning, between dark and dawn, the old woman took her distaff and drove the ox into the steppe to graze.
1	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	distaff	distaff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	steppe	steppe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	graze	graze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the old woman | woman's distaff |  |  | morning |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distaff=Theme |
| 2 | **drive** | past | the old woman *not said here* | the ox |  | the steppe |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ox=Theme into steppe=Trajectory |
| 3 | **graze** | to-infinitive | the old woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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