--- title: The night passed away, and at early dawn the old woman took her dist… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics description: The night passed away, and at early dawn the old woman took her distaff, and drove the straw ox out into the steppe to graze, and she herself sat down behind a hillock, and began spinning her flax, and cried, "Graze away, little ox, while I spin my flax! Who acts: night, old woman, woman, I. A sente --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/14/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/) / [The Straw Ox](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/14/) / 8 # Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Straw Ox, sentence 8 The night passed away, and at early dawn the old woman took her distaff, and drove the straw ox out into the steppe to graze, and she herself sat down behind a hillock, and began spinning her flax, and cried, "Graze away, little ox, while I spin my flax! **Who acts:** night, old woman, woman, I · **What happens:** pass away, take, drive, graze, sit down, begin · **To what, where:** distaff, straw ox, steppe, hillock, flax, little ox · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Straw Ox. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night, old woman, woman, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg29672:14:8 # text = The night passed away, and at early dawn the old woman took her distaff, and drove the straw ox out into the steppe to graze, and she herself sat down behind a hillock, and began spinning her flax, and cried, "Graze away, little ox, while I spin my flax! 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 away away ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 woman woman NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 14 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 distaff distaff NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 drove drive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 straw straw NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 ox ox NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 out out ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 23 into into ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 steppe steppe NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 graze graze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 30 conj _ _ 32 sat sit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 33 down down ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 behind behind ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 hillock hillock NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 40 spinning spin VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 39 xcomp _ _ 41 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ _ 42 flax flax NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 cried cry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 47 " " PUNCT `` _ 48 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 48 Graze graze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 ccomp _ _ 49 away away ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 50 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 51 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 52 ox ox NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 54 while while SCONJ IN _ 56 mark _ _ 55 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 56 nsubj _ _ 56 spin spin VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 conj _ _ 57 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 58 nmod:poss _ _ 58 flax flax NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 59 ! ! PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass away** | past | the night | | | | | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **take** | past | the old woman | woman's distaff | | | dawn | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distaff=Theme | | 3 | **drive** | past | the night *not said here* | the straw ox | | the steppe | | out *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ox=Theme into steppe=Trajectory | | 4 | **graze** | to-infinitive | the night *not said here* | | | | | | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **sit down** | past | woman | | | a hillock | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind hillock=Location | | 6 | **begin** | past | | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 7 | **spin** | gerund | | woman's flax | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flax=Theme | | 8 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **graze away** *in a quote* | infinitive | | little ox | | | | away *property* | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **spin** *in a quote* | present | I | my flax | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flax=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/14/7/) - next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/14/9/) - ↑ back to [The Straw Ox](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/14/)