---
title: So he laid him down to sleep, and was just dropping off when Chutko… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So he laid him down to sleep, and was just dropping off when Chutko began to bark. Who acts: man, Chutko. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Iron Wolf, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Iron Wolf, sentence 33

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So he laid him down to sleep, and was just dropping off when Chutko began to bark.

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**Who acts:** man, Chutko · **What happens:** lay down, sleep, drop off, begin, bark · **To what, where:** dog

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Iron Wolf. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, Chutko), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:17:33
# text = So he laid him down to sleep, and was just dropping off when Chutko began to bark.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	Chutko	Chutko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	bark	bark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | past | man | dog |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Result |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **drop off** | past · progressive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **begin** | past | Chutko |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **bark** | to-infinitive | Chutko *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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