---
title: Then he laid him down beneath a tree, and so he passed the night, an… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he laid him down beneath a tree, and so he passed the night, and rising up very early, fared on his way straight before him. Who acts: man. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Tsar and the Angel, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Tsar and the Angel, sentence 68

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Then he laid him down beneath a tree, and so he passed the night, and rising up very early, fared on his way straight before him.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** lay down, pass, rise up, fare · **To what, where:** body, tree, way

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Tsar and the Angel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:19:68
# text = Then he laid him down beneath a tree, and so he passed the night, and rising up very early, fared on his way straight before him.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
18	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	very	very	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
23	fared	fare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	before	before	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | past | man | body |  | a tree | then |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme beneath tree=Destination |
| 2 | **pass** | past | man |  |  |  | night |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **rise up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fare** | past | man *not said here* |  |  | man's way | before man |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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