---
title: Then he knew that his brother was perishing, and he went in search o… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he knew that his brother was perishing, and he went in search of him, and came at last to the high mountain that was higher than all others, and on the top of this mountain there was a little courtyard, and in the courtyard an old woman, who said to him, "Little Prince, what brings thee hither,
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Two Princes, part 1, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he knew that his brother was perishing, and he went in search of him, and came at last to the high mountain that was higher than all others, and on the top of this mountain there was a little courtyard, and in the courtyard an old woman, who said to him, "Little Prince, what brings thee hither, and what dost thou seek?"--"I seek my brother," said he; "a whole year has passed since I heard of him, and I know not whether he be alive or dead."--Then she said to him, "I can tell thee that he is dead, and it is of no use seeking for him, though thou goest the wide world over.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** brother, that, little courtyard, old woman, thou, whole year · **What happens:** know, perish, go, come, be, say · **To what, where:** search, last, top, brother, Little Prince, courtyard · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Two Princes, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, that, little courtyard, old woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:22:10
# text = Then he knew that his brother was perishing, and he went in search of him, and came at last to the high mountain that was higher than all others, and on the top of this mountain there was a little courtyard, and in the courtyard an old woman, who said to him, "Little Prince, what brings thee hither, and what dost thou seek?"--"I seek my brother," said he; "a whole year has passed since I heard of him, and I know not whether he be alive or dead."--Then she said to him, "I can tell thee that he is dead, and it is of no use seeking for him, though thou goest the wide world over.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	perishing	perish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	25	parataxis	_	_
29	than	than	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	41	expl	_	_
41	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	83	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	83	cc	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	_
50	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	55	nsubj	_	_
55	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	acl:relcl	_	_
56	to	to	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
59	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	61	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	61	amod	_	_
61	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	64	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
63	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	64	nsubj	_	_
64	brings	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	ccomp	_	_
65	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	64	obj	_	_
66	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	64	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
69	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	72	obj	_	_
70	dost	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	72	aux	_	_
71	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	72	nsubj	_	_
72	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	64	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	72	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	72	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	78	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	78	nsubj	_	_
78	seek	seek	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	64	conj	_	_
79	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	80	nmod:poss	_	_
80	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	78	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	64	punct	_	_
83	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
84	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	83	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	91	punct	_	_
86	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	91	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	89	det	_	_
88	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	89	amod	_	_
89	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	91	nsubj	_	_
90	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	91	aux	_	_
91	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
92	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	94	mark	_	_
93	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	94	nsubj	_	_
94	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	91	advcl	_	_
95	of	of	ADP	IN	_	96	case	_	_
96	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	94	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	100	punct	_	_
98	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	100	cc	_	_
99	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	100	nsubj	_	_
100	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
101	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	100	advmod	_	_
102	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	105	mark	_	_
103	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	105	nsubj	_	_
104	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	105	cop	_	_
105	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	100	ccomp	_	_
106	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	107	cc	_	_
107	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	105	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
108	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	105	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
109	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	100	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
110	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	113	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
111	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	113	advmod	_	_
112	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	113	nsubj	_	_
113	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
114	to	to	ADP	IN	_	115	case	_	_
115	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	113	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	120	punct	_	_
117	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	120	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
118	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	120	nsubj	_	_
119	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	120	aux	_	_
120	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	113	conj	_	_
121	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	120	iobj	_	_
122	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	125	mark	_	_
123	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	125	nsubj	_	_
124	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	125	cop	_	_
125	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	120	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
126	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	132	punct	_	_
127	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	132	cc	_	_
128	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	132	nsubj	_	_
129	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	132	cop	_	_
130	of	of	ADP	IN	_	132	case	_	_
131	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	132	det	_	_
132	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
133	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	132	acl	_	_
134	for	for	ADP	IN	_	135	case	_	_
135	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	133	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
136	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	139	punct	_	_
137	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	139	mark	_	_
138	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	139	nsubj	_	_
139	goest	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
140	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	142	det	_	_
141	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	142	amod	_	_
142	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	139	obj	_	_
143	over	over	ADV	RB	_	139	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
144	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | brother |  |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **perish** | past · progressive | brother's brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **go** | past | brother |  |  | search of other |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in search=Location |
| 4 | **come** | past | brother *not said here* |  |  | last |  | to the high mountain | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **is** | past | that |  |  |  |  | than all others; high *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** | past | a little courtyard |  |  | the top of this mountain; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Location |
| 7 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | a old woman |  | brother |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 8 | **bring** *in a quote* | present |  | Little Prince |  |  |  | hither *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |
| 9 | **seek** *in a quote* | present · do-support | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
| 10 | **seek** *in a quote* | present | brother | my brother |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Theme |
| 11 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a old woman |  |  | the courtyard |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in courtyard=Manner |
| 12 | **pass** *in a quote* | present · perfect | a whole year |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 13 | **hear** *in a quote* | past | brother |  |  |  |  | of brother | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of he=Stimulus |
| 14 | **not** **know** *in a quote* | present | brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 15 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive | brother |  |  |  |  | alive *property* | tree rules |
| 16 | **be** *in a quote* |  | brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 17 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | woman |  | brother |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 18 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | can | woman |  | thee |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient |
| 19 | **is** *in a quote* | present | brother |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 20 | **is** *in a quote* | present | courtyard |  |  |  |  | of no use | tree rules |
| 21 | **seek** *in a quote* | gerund | no use *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for brother | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for he=Theme |
| 22 | **go** *in a quote* | present | thou | the wide world |  |  |  | over *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location world=Theme |
| 23 | **search** |  |  | other |  |  |  |  | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

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