---
title: And he said to them, "Why do ye weep, and why are all your houses hu… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said to them, "Why do ye weep, and why are all your houses hung with black?"--And they answered, "Because there's a Dragon here who eats the people, and it has come to such a pass with us that to-morrow we must give him our Princess for dinner."--"Nay, but ye shall not do this thing," said he
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Two Princes, part 1, sentence 28

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said to them, "Why do ye weep, and why are all your houses hung with black?"--And they answered, "Because there's a Dragon here who eats the people, and it has come to such a pass with us that to-morrow we must give him our Princess for dinner."--"Nay, but ye shall not do this thing," said he, and, with that, he set out for the cavern where the Dragon lived, and tethered his horse there and slept by the side of the cavern all night.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** brother, ye, houses, Dragon, we · **What happens:** say, weep, hang, answer, be, eat · **To what, where:** houses, people, pass, Princess, brother, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Two Princes, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, ye, houses, Dragon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:22:28
# text = And he said to them, "Why do ye weep, and why are all your houses hung with black?"--And they answered, "Because there's a Dragon here who eats the people, and it has come to such a pass with us that to-morrow we must give him our Princess for dinner."--"Nay, but ye shall not do this thing," said he, and, with that, he set out for the cavern where the Dragon lived, and tethered his horse there and slept by the side of the cavern all night.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
11	weep	weep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	parataxis	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
19	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
29	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
31	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	32	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Dragon	Dragon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
35	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	conj	_	_
36	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
37	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	parataxis	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
43	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
44	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
45	to	to	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	48	det:predet	_	_
47	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
49	with	with	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	48	nmod	_	_
51	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	50	nmod:unmarked	_	_
52	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
55	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	57	nsubj	_	_
56	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
57	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	parataxis	_	_
58	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	57	iobj	_	_
59	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	60	nmod:poss	_	_
60	Princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obj	_	_
61	for	for	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
62	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	Nay	nay	INTJ	UH	_	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	73	punct	_	_
69	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	73	cc	_	_
70	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	73	nsubj	_	_
71	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	73	aux	_	_
72	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	73	advmod	_	_
73	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
74	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	75	det	_	_
75	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	73	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	73	punct	_	_
78	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
79	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	78	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
80	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	87	punct	_	_
81	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	87	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	84	punct	_	_
83	with	with	ADP	IN	_	84	case	_	_
84	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	87	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	84	punct	_	_
86	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	87	nsubj	_	_
87	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
88	out	out	ADP	RP	_	87	compound:prt	_	_
89	for	for	ADP	IN	_	91	case	_	_
90	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	91	det	_	_
91	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	87	obl	_	_
92	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	95	advmod	_	_
93	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	94	det	_	_
94	Dragon	Dragon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	95	nsubj	_	_
95	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	91	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
96	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	98	punct	_	_
97	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	98	cc	_	_
98	tethered	tether	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
99	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	100	nmod:poss	_	_
100	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	98	obj	_	_
101	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	98	advmod	_	_
102	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	103	cc	_	_
103	slept	sleep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	98	parataxis	_	_
104	by	by	ADP	IN	_	106	case	_	_
105	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	106	det	_	_
106	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	103	obl	_	_
107	of	of	ADP	IN	_	109	case	_	_
108	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	109	det	_	_
109	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	106	nmod	_	_
110	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	111	det	_	_
111	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	103	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
112	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | brother |  | houses *= house* |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **weep** *in a quote* | present · do-support | ye |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hang** *in a quote* | participle |  | your houses *not said here* |  |  |  | with black | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | houses *= house* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | houses *= house* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **eat** *in a quote* | present |  | the people |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 7 | **come** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Dragon |  |  | such pass with us |  | to morrow | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to pass=Initial\_Location to morrow=Destination |
| 8 | **give** *in a quote* | must | we | our Princess | brother |  |  | for dinner | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent he=Recipient princess=Theme for dinner=Asset |
| 9 | **not** **do** *in a quote* | shall | ye | this thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 10 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **set out** | past | brother |  |  |  |  | with that; for the cavern | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 12 | **live** | past | the Dragon |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 13 | **tether** | past | brother *not said here* | brother's horse |  | there |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 14 | **sleep** | participle |  |  |  |  | night | by the side of the cavern | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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