---
title: But here the old man soon discovered that he had only exchanged whea… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But here the old man soon discovered that he had only exchanged wheat for straw. Who acts: old man, man. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Two Princes, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Two Princes, part 1, sentence 66

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But here the old man soon discovered that he had only exchanged wheat for straw.

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**Who acts:** old man, man · **What happens:** discover, exchange · **To what, where:** wheat

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Two Princes, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:22:66
# text = But here the old man soon discovered that he had only exchanged wheat for straw.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	exchanged	exchange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
13	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | the old man |  |  | here |  | soon *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **exchange** | past · perfect | man | wheat |  |  |  | for straw | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent wheat=Theme for straw=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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