---
title: Vast were his palaces, iron railings surrounded his courtyards, and… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Vast were his palaces, iron railings surrounded his courtyards, and the railings were covered with the heads of various warriors; only on the twenty huge pillars in front of the gate were there no heads. Who acts: Vast, iron railings, palaces. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The 
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Story of the Unlucky Days, part 1, sentence 102

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Vast were his palaces, iron railings surrounded his courtyards, and the railings were covered with the heads of various warriors; only on the twenty huge pillars in front of the gate were there no heads.

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**Who acts:** Vast, iron railings, palaces · **What happens:** be, surround, cover · **To what, where:** palaces, courtyards, railings, twenty huge pillars

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Story of the Unlucky Days, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vast, iron railings, palaces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:25:102
# text = Vast were his palaces, iron railings surrounded his courtyards, and the railings were covered with the heads of various warriors; only on the twenty huge pillars in front of the gate were there no heads.
1	Vast	vast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	palaces	palace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	railings	railing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	courtyards	courtyard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	railings	railing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
24	only	only	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
28	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	pillars	pillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
37	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	38	det	_	_
38	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Vast | Thrice's palaces and iron railings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | participle | iron railings *not said here* | Thrice's courtyards |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme courtyard=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | past · passive | Thrice's palaces and iron railings *not said here* | the railings |  | the twenty huge pillars in front of the gate |  | with the heads of various warriors | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with head=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | Thrice's palaces and iron railings |  |  |  |  | no heads *obl:unmarked*; there *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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