---
title: He told the gnat all about it, and the gnat said, "Thou didst help m… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He told the gnat all about it, and the gnat said, "Thou didst help me, so now I will help thee. Who acts: Ivan, gnat, Thou. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Story of the Unlucky Days, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Story of the Unlucky Days, part 2, sentence 109

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He told the gnat all about it, and the gnat said, "Thou didst help me, so now I will help thee.

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**Who acts:** Ivan, gnat, Thou · **What happens:** tell, say, do, help · **To what, where:** gnat, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Story of the Unlucky Days, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ivan, gnat, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:26:109
# text = He told the gnat all about it, and the gnat said, "Thou didst help me, so now I will help thee.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gnat	gnat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	gnat	gnat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nsubj	_	_
16	didst	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
17	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
21	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
25	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Ivan |  | the gnat |  |  | about gnat | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent gnat=Recipient about it=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the gnat |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *in a quote* | past | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **help** *in a quote* | infinitive | Thou *not said here* |  | the gnat *= gnat* |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **help** *in a quote* | future | the gnat *= gnat* | thee |  |  | now |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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