--- title: The horse ran right up to them and said, "Hail! little Tsar Novishny… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics description: The horse ran right up to them and said, "Hail! little Tsar Novishny; art thou here by thy leave or against thy leave?"--And the little Tsar Novishny replied, "Nay, little nag! we are here against our leave, not by our leave."--"Then sit on my back!" said the horse, "and I'll carry you off!" Who act --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/105/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/) / [The Voices At the Window, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/) / 105 # Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Voices At the Window, part 1, sentence 105 The horse ran right up to them and said, "Hail! little Tsar Novishny; art thou here by thy leave or against thy leave?"--And the little Tsar Novishny replied, "Nay, little nag! we are here against our leave, not by our leave."--"Then sit on my back!" said the horse, "and I'll carry you off!" **Who acts:** horse, little Tsar, we · **What happens:** run, say, reply, be, sit, carry off · **To what, where:** Hail, back, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Voices At the Window, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, little Tsar, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg29672:4:105 # text = The horse ran right up to them and said, "Hail! little Tsar Novishny; art thou here by thy leave or against thy leave?"--And the little Tsar Novishny replied, "Nay, little nag! we are here against our leave, not by our leave."--"Then sit on my back!" said the horse, "and I'll carry you off!" 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 right right ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 up up ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 Hail hail NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 13 ! ! PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ 14 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 Tsar Tsar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 ccomp _ _ 16 Novishny Novishny PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 18 art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 19 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 18 obj _ _ 20 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 18 advmod _ _ 21 by by ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 leave leave NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 24 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 against against ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 leave leave NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 28 ? ? PUNCT . _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 29 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 -- -- PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 And and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 Tsar Tsar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 35 Novishny Novishny PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 flat _ _ 36 replied reply VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 " " PUNCT `` _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 Nay nay INTJ UH _ 49 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 nag nag NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No 43 ! ! PUNCT . _ 39 punct _ _ 44 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 45 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 cop _ _ 46 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 49 advmod _ _ 47 against against ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 leave leave NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 50 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 51 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 54 advmod _ _ 52 by by ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ _ 54 leave leave NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 55 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 56 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 57 -- -- PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 58 " " PUNCT `` _ 60 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 59 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 60 advmod _ _ 60 sit sit VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 61 on on ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 63 nmod:poss _ _ 63 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 64 ! ! PUNCT . _ 60 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 65 " " PUNCT '' _ 60 punct _ _ 66 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 67 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 68 det _ _ 68 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 69 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 70 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 71 and and CCONJ CC _ 74 cc _ _ 72 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 74 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 73 'll will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 74 aux _ _ 74 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 75 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 74 obj _ _ 76 off off ADP RP _ 74 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 77 ! ! PUNCT . _ 74 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 78 " " PUNCT '' _ 74 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **run** | past | the horse | | | | | up gimlet; right *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the horse *not said here* | Hail | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hail=Topic | | 3 | **reply** *speech: express* | past | the little Tsar | | | | | | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | we | | | here | | against our leave and our leave | tree rules | | 5 | **sit** *in a quote* | infinitive | | | | my back | then | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location | | 6 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the horse | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **carry off** *in a quote* | future | the horse *= horse* | you | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 104](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/104/) - next →: [sentence 106](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/106/) - ↑ back to [The Voices At the Window, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/)