---
title: Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom, in a certain empire, there d… — Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom, in a certain empire, there dwelt a certain Tsar who had never had a child. Who acts: certain Tsar. A sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Voices At the Window, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/55/)

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# Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Voices At the Window, part 1, sentence 55

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Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom, in a certain empire, there dwelt a certain Tsar who had never had a child.

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**Who acts:** certain Tsar · **What happens:** dwell, not have · **To what, where:** certain Tsar, child

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This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Voices At the Window, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg29672:4:55
# text = Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom, in a certain empire, there dwelt a certain Tsar who had never had a child.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	17	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
16	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	17	expl	_	_
17	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	acl:relcl	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | past |  | a certain Tsar |  | there |  | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme tsar=Location |
| 2 | **not** **have** | past · perfect | a certain Tsar | a child |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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