---
title: At midday, when the sun was right overhead, he heard a rumbling nois… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At midday, when the sun was right overhead, he heard a rumbling noise from the river, and looking up he saw the head and shoulders of an enormous man emerging from it. Who acts: sun, Makoma, enormous man. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 107

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At midday, when the sun was right overhead, he heard a rumbling noise from the river, and looking up he saw the head and shoulders of an enormous man emerging from it.

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**Who acts:** sun, Makoma, enormous man · **What happens:** be, hear, look up, see, emerge · **To what, where:** rumbling noise, midday, head, sun

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, Makoma, enormous man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:107
# text = At midday, when the sun was right overhead, he heard a rumbling noise from the river, and looking up he saw the head and shoulders of an enormous man emerging from it.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
9	overhead	overhead	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
33	emerging	emerge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	acl	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | overhead, right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Makoma | a rumbling noise |  | midday |  | from the river | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent noise=Topic from river=Source |
| 3 | **look up** | gerund | Makoma *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **see** | past | Makoma | the head of a enormous man and shoulders |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer head=Stimulus |
| 5 | **emerge** | gerund | a enormous man *not said here* |  |  | sun |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from it=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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