--- title: The stories are taken from those told by grannies to grandchildren i… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: The stories are taken from those told by grannies to grandchildren in many countries and in many languages-- French, Italian, Spanish, Catalan, Gaelic, Icelandic, Cherokee, African, Indian, Australian, Slavonic, Eskimo, and what not. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, par --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/1/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Orange Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/) / [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/1/) / 13 # The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 13 The stories are taken from those told by grannies to grandchildren in many countries and in many languages-- French, Italian, Spanish, Catalan, Gaelic, Icelandic, Cherokee, African, Indian, Australian, Slavonic, Eskimo, and what not. **What happens:** take, tell · **To what, where:** stories, those, grandchildren · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg3027:1:13 # text = The stories are taken from those told by grannies to grandchildren in many countries and in many languages-- French, Italian, Spanish, Catalan, Gaelic, Icelandic, Cherokee, African, Indian, Australian, Slavonic, Eskimo, and what not. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 obl _ _ 7 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 grannies grannie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 grandchildren grandchild NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 -- -- PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 Spanish Spanish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 Catalan Catalan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 Gaelic gaelic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 Icelandic Icelandic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 Cherokee Cherokee PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 Australian Australian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 40 Slavonic Slavonic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 Eskimo Eskimo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 what what PRON WP PronType=Rel 4 obl _ _ 46 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 45 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | present · passive | | the stories | | those | | in many countries French Catalan and Icelandic and Cherokee and Slavonic and Eskimo and many languages | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme from that=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle | | | grandchildren | | | by grannies | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to grandchild=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/1/12/) - next →: [sentence 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/1/14/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/1/)