---
title: The stories are not literal, or word by word translations, but have… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The stories are not literal, or word by word translations, but have been altered in many ways to make them suitable for children. Who acts: stories, word translations. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 14

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The stories are not literal, or word by word translations, but have been altered in many ways to make them suitable for children.

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**Who acts:** stories, word translations · **What happens:** not be, alter, make, word · **To what, where:** many ways, stories

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, word translations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:14
# text = The stories are not literal, or word by word translations, but have been altered in many ways to make them suitable for children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	literal	literal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	translations	translation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	altered	alter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	suitable	suitable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | the stories |  |  |  |  | literal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **alter** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  | many ways |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | stories *= story* |  |  |  | suitable *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |
| 4 | **word** |  | word translations |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: by=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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