---
title: Of course, in the immeasurable past, they have been carried about by… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Of course, in the immeasurable past, they have been carried about by conquering races, and learned by conquering races from vanquished peoples. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of course, in the immeasurable past, they have been carried about by conquering races, and learned by conquering races from vanquished peoples.

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**What happens:** carry, conquer, learn, vanquish · **To what, where:** stories, races

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:22
# text = Of course, in the immeasurable past, they have been carried about by conquering races, and learned by conquering races from vanquished peoples.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	immeasurable	immeasurable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	conquering	conquer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
16	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
20	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	conquering	conquer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
22	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	vanquished	vanquish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present · perfect · passive |  | stories *= story* |  |  |  | of the immeasurable past; about *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme of past=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **conquer** | gerund |  | races |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Patient |
| 3 | **learn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **conquer** | gerund |  | races |  |  |  | from vanquished peoples | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Patient |
| 5 | **vanquish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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