---
title: Makoma crossed the Zambesi, and for many moons he wandered towards t… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Makoma crossed the Zambesi, and for many moons he wandered towards the north and west until he came to a very hilly country where, one day, he met a huge giant making mountains. Who acts: Makoma. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 53

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Makoma crossed the Zambesi, and for many moons he wandered towards the north and west until he came to a very hilly country where, one day, he met a huge giant making mountains.

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**Who acts:** Makoma · **What happens:** cross, wander, come, meet, make · **To what, where:** Zambesi, north, hilly country, huge giant, mountains

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Makoma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:53
# text = Makoma crossed the Zambesi, and for many moons he wandered towards the north and west until he came to a very hilly country where, one day, he met a huge giant making mountains.
1	Makoma	Makoma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Zambesi	Zambesi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	wandered	wander	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	west	west	ADV	RB	_	14	conj	_	_
17	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
35	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	31	advcl	_	_
36	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | Makoma | the Zambesi |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zambesi=Patient |
| 2 | **wander** | past | Makoma |  |  | the north |  | for many moons | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards north=Destination |
| 3 | **come** | past | Makoma |  |  | a hilly country |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to country=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **meet** | past | Makoma | a huge giant |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giant=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **make** | gerund | Makoma *not said here* | mountains |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mountain=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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