---
title: Makoma said nothing, but swinging his great hammer, Nu-endo, he stru… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Makoma said nothing, but swinging his great hammer, Nu-endo, he struck the giant upon the head. Who acts: Makoma. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 60

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Makoma said nothing, but swinging his great hammer, Nu-endo, he struck the giant upon the head.

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**Who acts:** Makoma · **What happens:** say, swing, strike · **To what, where:** nothing, great hammer, giant · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Makoma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:60
# text = Makoma said nothing, but swinging his great hammer, Nu-endo, he struck the giant upon the head.
1	Makoma	Makoma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
6	swinging	swing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	Nu	Nu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	endo	endo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Makoma | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic |
| 2 | **swing** | gerund | Makoma *not said here* | Makoma's great hammer and Nu endo |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme |
| 3 | **strike** | past | Makoma | the giant |  |  |  | upon the head | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giant=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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