---
title: But the hero had his sack held over his left arm and the stones and… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But the hero had his sack held over his left arm and the stones and earth fell harmlessly upon it, and, tightly gripping his iron hammer, he rushed in and struck the giant to the ground. Who acts: hero, sack, earth. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its depe
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 73

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the hero had his sack held over his left arm and the stones and earth fell harmlessly upon it, and, tightly gripping his iron hammer, he rushed in and struck the giant to the ground.

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**Who acts:** hero, sack, earth · **What happens:** have, hold, fall, grip, rush in, strike · **To what, where:** left arm, sack, iron hammer, giant

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hero, sack, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:73
# text = But the hero had his sack held over his left arm and the stones and earth fell harmlessly upon it, and, tightly gripping his iron hammer, he rushed in and struck the giant to the ground.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	harmlessly	harmlessly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	gripping	grip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
32	in	in	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the hero |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | past | hero's sack |  |  | hero's left arm and the stones |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over arm=Location |
| 3 | **fall** | past | earth |  |  | sack |  | harmlessly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon it=Location |
| 4 | **grip** | gerund | the hero *not said here* | hero's iron hammer |  |  |  | tightly *property* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme |
| 5 | **rush in** | past | hero |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **strike** | past | hero *not said here* | the giant |  |  |  | to the ground *result* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent giant=Patient to ground=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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