---
title: Chi-gwisa-miti was taller than either of his brothers, but Makoma wa… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Chi-gwisa-miti was taller than either of his brothers, but Makoma was not afraid, and called out to him: 'Who are you, O Big One?' Who acts: Chi gwisa miti, Makoma. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 1, sentence 77

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chi-gwisa-miti was taller than either of his brothers, but Makoma was not afraid, and called out to him: 'Who are you, O Big One?'

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**Who acts:** Chi gwisa miti, Makoma · **What happens:** be, not be, call out · **To what, where:** miti, you

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chi gwisa miti, Makoma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:1:77
# text = Chi-gwisa-miti was taller than either of his brothers, but Makoma was not afraid, and called out to him: 'Who are you, O Big One?'
1	Chi	Chi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	gwisa	gwisa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	miti	miti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	Makoma	Makoma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	O	O	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	Big	Big	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
33	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Chi gwisa miti |  |  |  |  | than either; tall *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | Makoma |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **call out** *speech: assert* | participle | Makoma *not said here* |  | miti |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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