---
title: But, in reality, he was carried down, half drowned, below the next b… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But, in reality, he was carried down, half drowned, below the next bend in the river, where he fortunately came across a 'snag' floating in the water (a snag is, you know, a part of a tree or bush which floats very nearly under the surface of the water); and he held on to this snag, and by great goo
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 11, sentence 103

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But, in reality, he was carried down, half drowned, below the next bend in the river, where he fortunately came across a 'snag' floating in the water (a snag is, you know, a part of a tree or bush which floats very nearly under the surface of the water); and he held on to this snag, and by great good luck eventually came ashore some two or three miles down the river.

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**Who acts:** enemy, snag, you, bush · **What happens:** be, drown, come, float, know, hold on · **To what, where:** reality, next bend, snag, water, surface, two miles

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy, snag, you, bush), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:11:103
# text = But, in reality, he was carried down, half drowned, below the next bend in the river, where he fortunately came across a 'snag' floating in the water (a snag is, you know, a part of a tree or bush which floats very nearly under the surface of the water); and he held on to this snag, and by great good luck eventually came ashore some two or three miles down the river.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	reality	reality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	12	advmod	_	_
12	drowned	drown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	below	below	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	25	advmod	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	fortunately	fortunately	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
26	across	across	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	snag	snag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	floating	float	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	29	acl	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
35	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	snag	snag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	ccomp	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	conj	_	_
50	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	51	nsubj	_	_
51	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	acl:relcl	_	_
52	very	very	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
53	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
54	under	under	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	64	punct	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
63	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	64	nsubj	_	_
64	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	parataxis	_	_
65	on	on	ADP	RP	_	64	compound:prt	_	_
66	to	to	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	68	det	_	_
68	snag	snag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
70	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	76	cc	_	_
71	by	by	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
72	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	74	amod	_	_
73	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	74	amod	_	_
74	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	76	obl	_	_
75	eventually	eventually	ADV	RB	_	76	advmod	_	_
76	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	64	conj	_	_
77	ashore	ashore	ADV	RB	_	76	advmod	_	_
78	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	82	det	_	_
79	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	82	nummod	_	_
80	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	81	cc	_	_
81	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	79	conj	_	_
82	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	76	obj	_	_
83	down	down	ADP	IN	_	85	case	_	_
84	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	85	det	_	_
85	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	82	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
86	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past · passive |  | reality |  |  |  | carry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **drown** | participle |  |  |  | the next bend in the river |  | half *property* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past | enemy |  |  | a snag |  | fortunately *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across snag=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **float** | gerund | a snag *not said here* |  |  | the water and a snag |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory |
| 5 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **float** | present | bush |  |  | the surface of the water |  | nearly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under surface=Trajectory |
| 7 | **hold on** | past | enemy |  |  |  |  | to this snag | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **come** | past | enemy *not said here* | some two miles |  |  |  | by great good luck; down the river; ashore, eventually *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mile=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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