---
title: Now the cowherd didn't like walking in the evening, because, he said… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the cowherd didn't like walking in the evening, because, he said, he had been out grazing the cattle all day, and was glad to sit down when night came; but the goldsmith always worried him so that the poor man had to go against his will. Who acts: cowherd, night, goldsmith, poor man. A sentence 
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 11, sentence 73

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now the cowherd didn't like walking in the evening, because, he said, he had been out grazing the cattle all day, and was glad to sit down when night came; but the goldsmith always worried him so that the poor man had to go against his will.

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**Who acts:** cowherd, night, goldsmith, poor man · **What happens:** not like, walk, say, graze, be, sit down · **To what, where:** cattle, cowherd · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cowherd, night, goldsmith, poor man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:11:73
# text = Now the cowherd didn't like walking in the evening, because, he said, he had been out grazing the cattle all day, and was glad to sit down when night came; but the goldsmith always worried him so that the poor man had to go against his will.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cowherd	cowherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	aux	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	grazing	graze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
25	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	down	down	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
34	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
40	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	41	advmod	_	_
41	worried	worry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obj	_	_
43	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
44	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
48	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	advcl	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	xcomp	_	_
51	against	against	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	50	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **like** | past · do-support | the cowherd |  |  |  | now |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** *not said to happen* | gerund | the cowherd *not said here* |  |  |  | evening |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | cowherd |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **graze** | past · perfect · progressive | cowherd | the cattle |  |  | day |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | past | cowherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **sit down** | to-infinitive | cowherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **come** | past | night |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **worry** | past | the goldsmith | cowherd |  |  |  | always *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 9 | **have** | past | the poor man |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **go** | to-infinitive | the poor man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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