---
title: 'Fair maiden, who are you, and who gave you that wreath of singing r… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Fair maiden, who are you, and who gave you that wreath of singing roses?' asked he, for the birds were so tiny that till you looked closely you never saw them. Who acts: you, wreath, birds. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 12, sentence 78

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Fair maiden, who are you, and who gave you that wreath of singing roses?' asked he, for the birds were so tiny that till you looked closely you never saw them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, wreath, birds · **What happens:** be, give, sing, ask, look, not see · **To what, where:** wreath, you, roses, singing, birds

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, wreath, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:12:78
# text = 'Fair maiden, who are you, and who gave you that wreath of singing roses?' asked he, for the birds were so tiny that till you looked closely you never saw them.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	maiden	maiden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	parataxis	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	wreath	wreath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
17	roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
20	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	parataxis	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
30	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
31	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	parataxis	_	_
33	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
36	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | past |  | that wreath | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient wreath=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | that wreath *not said here* | roses |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rose=Theme |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | singing |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 5 | **is** | past | the birds |  |  |  |  | tiny *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **look** | past | you |  |  |  |  | closely *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 7 | **not** **see** | past | you | birds *= bird* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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