---
title: But when he reached the shore there was nothing to be seen but the s… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But when he reached the shore there was nothing to be seen but the shadows cast by the moonlight. Who acts: prince, nothing, shadows. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 13, sentence 22

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But when he reached the shore there was nothing to be seen but the shadows cast by the moonlight.

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**Who acts:** prince, nothing, shadows · **What happens:** reach, be, see, cast · **To what, where:** shore

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, nothing, shadows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:13:22
# text = But when he reached the shore there was nothing to be seen but the shadows cast by the moonlight.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	moonlight	moonlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | prince | the shore |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent shore=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | nothing |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive · passive | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **cast** | participle | the shadows |  |  |  |  | by the moonlight | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by moonlight=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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