---
title: He was very old, and had worked very hard, and when at last he was s… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He was very old, and had worked very hard, and when at last he was struck down by illness he felt that he should never rise from his bed again. Who acts: man, illness. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 13, sentence 76

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He was very old, and had worked very hard, and when at last he was struck down by illness he felt that he should never rise from his bed again.

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**Who acts:** man, illness · **What happens:** be, work, strike down, feel, not rise · **To what, where:** man, last, bed

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, illness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:13:76
# text = He was very old, and had worked very hard, and when at last he was struck down by illness he felt that he should never rise from his bed again.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	advcl	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	again	again	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | man |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | past · perfect | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **strike down** | past · passive | illness | man |  | last |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **not** **rise** | should | man |  |  | man's bed | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bed=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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