---
title: On the way, however, he passed a pond, and as he approached a cloud… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: On the way, however, he passed a pond, and as he approached a cloud of birds flew into the air. Who acts: man, cloud. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 13, sentence 85

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On the way, however, he passed a pond, and as he approached a cloud of birds flew into the air.

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**Who acts:** man, cloud · **What happens:** pass, approach, fly, cloud · **To what, where:** pond, way, air, birds

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:13:85
# text = On the way, however, he passed a pond, and as he approached a cloud of birds flew into the air.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	however	however	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | man | a pond |  | the way |  | however *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent pond=Theme on way=Destination |
| 2 | **approach** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fly** | past | a cloud of birds |  |  |  |  | into the air *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into air=Result |
| 4 | **cloud** |  |  | birds |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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