---
title: He knew in an instant that his wife must have betrayed his trust, bu… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He knew in an instant that his wife must have betrayed his trust, but he would not reproach her, as she must be suffering enough already. Who acts: man, wife. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/14/105/)

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 14, sentence 105

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He knew in an instant that his wife must have betrayed his trust, but he would not reproach her, as she must be suffering enough already.

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**Who acts:** man, wife · **What happens:** know, betray, not reproach, suffer, trust · **To what, where:** instant, wife

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:14:105
# text = He knew in an instant that his wife must have betrayed his trust, but he would not reproach her, as she must be suffering enough already.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	instant	instant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux	_	_
11	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	reproach	reproach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
20	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux	_	_
26	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
27	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	already	already	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | man |  |  | a instant |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **betray** | must · perfect | man's wife | a instant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **reproach** | would | man | wife |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 4 | **suffer** | must · progressive | wife |  |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **trust** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom trust «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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