---
title: So Manus was left with no man, and sorrowful was he when he returned… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: So Manus was left with no man, and sorrowful was he when he returned alone to Old Bergen. Who acts: Manus. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 15, sentence 108

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So Manus was left with no man, and sorrowful was he when he returned alone to Old Bergen.

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**Who acts:** Manus · **What happens:** leave, be, return · **To what, where:** Manus, Old Bergen

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Manus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:15:108
# text = So Manus was left with no man, and sorrowful was he when he returned alone to Old Bergen.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	Manus	Manus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sorrowful	sorrowful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
16	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Bergen	Bergen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | Manus |  |  |  | with no man | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: subject=Recipient with man=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | Manus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **return** | past | Manus |  | Old Bergen |  |  | alone *property* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to bergen=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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