---
title: He flung himself under a tree panting for breath, when he heard a ru… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He flung himself under a tree panting for breath, when he heard a rustle amongst the grass, and his father's old friend the hedgehog appeared before him. Who acts: lion, tree, hedgehog. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 18, sentence 100

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He flung himself under a tree panting for breath, when he heard a rustle amongst the grass, and his father's old friend the hedgehog appeared before him.

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**Who acts:** lion, tree, hedgehog · **What happens:** fling, pant, hear, appear · **To what, where:** lion, tree, rustle, old friend

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lion, tree, hedgehog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:18:100
# text = He flung himself under a tree panting for breath, when he heard a rustle amongst the grass, and his father's old friend the hedgehog appeared before him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	panting	pant	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rustle	rustle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
29	before	before	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past | lion | lion |  | a tree |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent himself=Theme under tree=Destination |
| 2 | **pant** | gerund | a tree *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for breath | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for breath=Recipient |
| 3 | **hear** | past | lion | a rustle |  |  |  | amongst the grass | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer rustle=Stimulus |
| 4 | **appear** | past | the hedgehog | lion's father's old friend *not said here* |  |  | before lion |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location friend=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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