---
title: Now that the father and elder brother were both dead, all that was l… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Now that the father and elder brother were both dead, all that was left of the jackal family was one son, who was no less cunning than the others had been. Who acts: father, jackal family, one son, cunning. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19, with its dependency t
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 19, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now that the father and elder brother were both dead, all that was left of the jackal family was one son, who was no less cunning than the others had been.

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**Who acts:** father, jackal family, one son, cunning · **What happens:** be, leave, have · **To what, where:** that, cunning

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, jackal family, one son, cunning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:19:15
# text = Now that the father and elder brother were both dead, all that was left of the jackal family was one son, who was no less cunning than the others had been.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	both	both	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	no	no	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	28	advmod	_	_
28	cunning	cunning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
29	than	than	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl	_	_
33	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the father and elder brother |  |  |  |  | both, dead *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  | that |  |  | now |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | the jackal family |  |  |  |  | of one son | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past | one son | cunning |  |  |  | than the others; less *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** | past | cunning *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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