---
title: Whenever the sheep looked up, she still saw him flying, flying acros… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Whenever the sheep looked up, she still saw him flying, flying across the plain; and, for all I know, he may be flying across it still. Who acts: sheep, One, jackal, I. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 19, sentence 89

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Whenever the sheep looked up, she still saw him flying, flying across the plain; and, for all I know, he may be flying across it still.

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**Who acts:** sheep, One, jackal, I, all · **What happens:** look up, see, fly, know · **To what, where:** jackal, plain

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sheep, One, jackal, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:19:89
# text = Whenever the sheep looked up, she still saw him flying, flying across the plain; and, for all I know, he may be flying across it still.
1	Whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	conj	_	_
14	across	across	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	nsubj	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux	_	_
28	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
29	across	across	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
31	still	still	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look up** | past | the sheep |  |  |  |  | whenever *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | past | One | jackal |  |  | still |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fly** | gerund | jackal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fly** | gerund | jackal *not said here* |  |  | the plain |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across plain=Trajectory |
| 5 | **know** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **fly** | may · progressive | all |  |  | plain | still |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across it=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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