---
title: Now it happened that, after many years, when the hair of Gopani-Kufa… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Now it happened that, after many years, when the hair of Gopani-Kufa was turning grey with age, there came white men to that country. Who acts: it, hair. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 2, sentence 108

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Now it happened that, after many years, when the hair of Gopani-Kufa was turning grey with age, there came white men to that country.

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**Who acts:** it, hair · **What happens:** happen, turn, come · **To what, where:** that, white men

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, hair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:2:108
# text = Now it happened that, after many years, when the hair of Gopani-Kufa was turning grey with age, there came white men to that country.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Gopani	Gopani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Kufa	Kufa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
19	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	24	expl	_	_
24	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
29	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | it | that |  |  | now; year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | past · progressive | the hair of Gopani and Kufa |  |  |  | with age | grey *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past |  | white men |  | there |  | to that country | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location man=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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