---
title: Already we have seen in the villages round about one or two damsels… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Already we have seen in the villages round about one or two damsels whose parents would gladly part with them for less than half the herd. Who acts: we, parents. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 20, sentence 114

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Already we have seen in the villages round about one or two damsels whose parents would gladly part with them for less than half the herd.

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**Who acts:** we, parents · **What happens:** see, part · **To what, where:** villages

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, parents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:20:114
# text = Already we have seen in the villages round about one or two damsels whose parents would gladly part with them for less than half the herd.
1	Already	already	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	round	round	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	_
13	damsels	damsel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
16	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	gladly	gladly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
22	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	24	advmod	_	_
23	than	than	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	26	det:predet	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | we |  |  | the villages |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **part** | would | part's parents |  |  |  |  | round one damsels; with damsels *= damsel*; for half herd; gladly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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