---
title: The beast was crouching under a tree when she came up, and snorted w… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The beast was crouching under a tree when she came up, and snorted with pleasure at the sight of her. Who acts: beast. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 21, sentence 41

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The beast was crouching under a tree when she came up, and snorted with pleasure at the sight of her.

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**Who acts:** beast · **What happens:** crouch, come up, snort, sight · **To what, where:** tree, sight, beast

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:21:41
# text = The beast was crouching under a tree when she came up, and snorted with pleasure at the sight of her.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crouching	crouch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	snorted	snort	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crouch** | past · progressive | the beast |  |  | a tree |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Location |
| 2 | **come up** | past | beast |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **snort** | participle |  |  |  | the sight of beast |  | with pleasure | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sight** |  |  | beast |  |  |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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