---
title: In this lake various huge monsters might be seen playing or fighting… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: In this lake various huge monsters might be seen playing or fighting--the queen did not know which-- and around flew rooks and ravens, uttering dismal croaks. Who acts: various huge monsters, queen. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 27, sentence 45

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In this lake various huge monsters might be seen playing or fighting--the queen did not know which-- and around flew rooks and ravens, uttering dismal croaks.

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**Who acts:** various huge monsters, queen · **What happens:** see, play, fight, not know, fly, utter · **To what, where:** various huge monsters, lake, rooks, dismal croaks

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (various huge monsters, queen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:27:45
# text = In this lake various huge monsters might be seen playing or fighting--the queen did not know which-- and around flew rooks and ravens, uttering dismal croaks.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	around	around	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	parataxis	_	_
24	rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	ravens	raven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	uttering	utter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	conj	_	_
29	dismal	dismal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	croaks	croak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | might · passive |  | various huge monsters |  | this lake |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | gerund | various huge monsters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fight** | gerund | various huge monsters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 5 | **fly** | past |  | rooks and ravens |  |  |  | around *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rook=Theme |
| 6 | **utter** *speech: other* | gerund |  | dismal croaks |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent croak=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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