---
title: Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog hers… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog herself, in a litter borne by eight toads, and made of tortoiseshell. Who acts: water rats. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 28, sentence 56

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Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog herself, in a litter borne by eight toads, and made of tortoiseshell.

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**Who acts:** water rats · **What happens:** come, dress, bear, make · **To what, where:** litter, water rats

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water rats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:28:56
# text = Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog herself, in a litter borne by eight toads, and made of tortoiseshell.
1	Next	next	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	lastly	lastly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	15	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
21	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	tortoiseshell	tortoiseshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the water rats |  |  | a litter |  | next *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in litter=Location |
| 2 | **dress** | participle |  | the water rats *not said here* |  |  |  | as pages | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **bear** | participle |  | a litter *not said here* |  |  |  | by eight toads | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of tortoiseshell | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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