--- title: He had suffered every hardship that could be imagined--nettles had b… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: He had suffered every hardship that could be imagined--nettles had been his bed, wild fruits more bitter than gall his food, while his days had been spent in fighting the hideous monsters which kept him from the palace. Who acts: king, nettles, hideous monsters. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/29/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Orange Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/) / [Opening, part 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/29/) / 20 # The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 29, sentence 20 He had suffered every hardship that could be imagined--nettles had been his bed, wild fruits more bitter than gall his food, while his days had been spent in fighting the hideous monsters which kept him from the palace. **Who acts:** king, nettles, hideous monsters · **What happens:** suffer, imagine, be, gall, spend, fight · **To what, where:** hardship, bed, food, days, hideous monsters, king This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 29. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, nettles, hideous monsters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg3027:29:20 # text = He had suffered every hardship that could be imagined--nettles had been his bed, wild fruits more bitter than gall his food, while his days had been spent in fighting the hideous monsters which kept him from the palace. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 suffered suffer VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 5 det _ _ 5 hardship hardship NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 imagined imagine VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 -- -- PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 nettles nettle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 12 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 13 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 15 cop _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 bed bed NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 fruits fruit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 19 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 20 advmod _ _ 20 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 21 than than SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 22 gall gall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 while while SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 29 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 spent spend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 32 in in SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 fighting fight VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 hideous hideous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 monsters monster NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 nsubj _ _ 38 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 acl:relcl _ _ 39 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ _ 40 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 palace palace NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **suffer** | past · perfect | king | every hardship | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hardship=Stimulus | | 2 | **imagine** | could · passive | | every hardship | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | past · perfect | nettles | king's bed and wild fruits | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **gall** | infinitive | nettles *not said here* | king's food | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus food=Experiencer | | 5 | **spend** | past · perfect · passive | | king's days | | | | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | | 6 | **fight** | gerund | | the hideous monsters | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monster=Co-Agent | | 7 | **keep** | past | the hideous monsters | | king | the palace | | | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary from palace=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/29/19/) - next →: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/29/21/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/29/)